Initial version of fail2ban-webui
Web interface to view, ban and unban fail2ban IPs on several hosts via SSH, generalised from the private f2b-web tool. - Web UI (Flask/Waitress): hosts.yaml, local/OIDC/proxy authentication, English/German UI, origin map, optional Loki/Grafana/GeoIP, CLI helpers - Agent f2b-webctl with install.sh/uninstall.sh (dedicated user + sudo, from= restriction, protected networks, manual jail) - Hardened Docker image, examples, documentation, smoke test, testbed Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# Development
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## Layout
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```
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app/webui/ Flask application (package "webui")
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app.py routes, security headers, audit log
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auth.py local / OIDC / proxy authentication, login lockout
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backend.py SSH to the agents, GeoIP, Loki
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cli.py serve, hash-password, keygen, keyscan, check
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config.py settings from the environment, hosts.yaml
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i18n.py, locales/ translations (one JSON file per language)
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templates/, static/
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agent/ f2b-webctl, install.sh, uninstall.sh
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docker/Dockerfile production image
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examples/ docker-compose.yaml, .env.example, hosts.yaml.example
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dev/testbed/ web UI + two fail2ban hosts in Docker
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tests/smoke_test.py web UI tests without Docker/SSH
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```
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## Smoke test (no Docker needed)
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```bash
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python3 -m venv .venv
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.venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt
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.venv/bin/python tests/smoke_test.py
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```
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The agents are simulated. Covered: login, lockout, CSRF/Origin checks, translations,
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ban/unban validation, audit log, proxy mode, config validation, SSH command line, log
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injection.
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## Testbed (Docker)
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`dev/testbed` starts the web UI and two Debian hosts with sshd and fail2ban (dummy ban
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actions – nothing is blocked). The agents are installed with `agent/install.sh` at
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container start:
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| Host | Agent setup |
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|---|---|
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| `agent1` | user `f2bweb` + sudo, `--from` the testbed network, extra protected IP |
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| `agent2` | user `root`, key in `authorized_keys2`, manual jail named `blocklist` |
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```bash
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cd dev/testbed
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printf 'DEFAULT_LANG=en\nAUTH_MODE=local\nAUTH_USER=admin\nCACHE_SECONDS=5\n' > .env
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docker compose build
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docker compose run --rm -it webui hash-password >> .env
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docker compose run --rm webui keygen
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docker compose run --rm -T --entrypoint sh webui -c 'cat > /data/hosts.yaml' < hosts.yaml
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docker compose up -d agent1 agent2
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docker compose run --rm webui keyscan --yes
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docker compose run --rm webui check
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docker compose up -d webui # http://127.0.0.1:18080
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docker compose down -v # remove everything
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```
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`hosts.yaml` is written into the data volume because Docker Desktop cannot bind-mount
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network drives. After recreating an agent its host key changes – run `keyscan` again.
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On Windows with Git Bash, prefix `docker compose exec … /path` with `MSYS_NO_PATHCONV=1`,
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otherwise the path is rewritten to a Windows path.
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## Adding a language
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1. Copy `app/webui/locales/en.json` to `app/webui/locales/<code>.json` (e.g. `fr.json`).
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2. Set `"_name"` to the language's own name (`"Français"`) – it appears in the dropdown.
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3. Translate the values; keep `{placeholders}` unchanged. Missing keys fall back to English.
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4. Run the smoke test and check the UI.
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## Building the image
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```bash
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docker build -f docker/Dockerfile --build-arg VERSION=1.0.0 -t fail2ban-webui:1.0.0 .
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# multi-arch, as in CI
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docker buildx build -f docker/Dockerfile --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
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--build-arg VERSION=1.0.0 -t git.retronerd.at/schiwagoa/fail2ban-webui:1.0.0 --push .
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```
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Scan before publishing:
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```bash
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docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock aquasec/trivy:0.58.1 \
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image --scanners vuln --ignore-unfixed --severity HIGH,CRITICAL fail2ban-webui:1.0.0
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```
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## Agent protocol
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The web UI runs `ssh … <user>@<host> "<command>"`; the agent reads the command from
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`SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND` and prints exactly one JSON line:
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```json
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{"ok": true, "host": "web01", "agent_version": "1.0.0", "manual_jail": "manual-block",
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"jails": {"sshd": {"bans": [{"ip": "203.0.113.7", "start": "2026-10-25 10:00:00",
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"bantime": 600, "end": "2026-10-25 10:10:00"}], "total": 42}}}
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```
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Errors: `{"ok": false, "error_key": "agent_protected", "error_args": {"ip": "…"}, "error": "English text"}`.
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The web UI translates `error_key` with `locales/*.json` (keys starting with `agent_`);
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unknown keys show the English `error`.
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## Versioning
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- Version numbers follow SemVer and are set at build time (`VERSION` build arg →
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`APP_VERSION`); the agent has its own `VERSION` in `agent/f2b-webctl`.
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- Every change goes into `CHANGELOG.md` under *Unreleased*.
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